How to communicate with Hard of Hearing or Deaf people
“1 in 4 people projected to have hearing problems by 2050” World Health Organization
At some point in our lives, we may encounter various types of disabilities, whether temporary, situational, or permanent. We will likely interact with individuals experiencing different forms of disability.
I’ve always wanted to learn sign language as a new method of communication. I wondered how it could be helpful when someone needs to communicate through sign language. That’s why I decided to study Chilean Sign Language (LSCH) some time ago. Although I still have a long way to go, I quickly realized that I wasn’t sure how to interact with people with hearing loss, and I wasn’t alone in this experience.
As a designer, I have the responsibility to create accessible digital products. Additionally, I’m motivated to promote inclusion, hoping that more people will join this effort to build an inclusive society. That’s why I want to share what I’ve learned so far:
- Use terms like “Hard of Hearing” or “Deaf” people. Avoid labels like “deaf-mute,” “disabled,” “hearing-impaired,” or “invalid.” When in doubt, ask the person how they identify themselves.
- The term “deaf” can be capitalized or not, and it refers to two different aspects of hearing loss and identity. “Deaf” with a capital “D” refers to individuals who identify as part of the Deaf community and culture, often using sign language and embracing Deaf culture. “deaf” with a lowercase “d” refers to people with little to no hearing, typically describing the audiological condition without implying cultural identity.
- Not all people with hearing loss use sign language to communicate, and not all have absolute proficiency in English. Some may prefer sign language, while others prefer written communication or express themselves orally. It’s crucial to understand that deafness does not imply a lack of speech. Generally, deaf people have functioning vocal chords.
- Don’t feel uncomfortable; deaf people are used to interacting with people who don’t use sign language.
- If you need someone’s attention, you can signal them or gently tap their arm or shoulder. Wait for them to make eye contact before speaking.
- Turn towards the person and make eye contact while you speak. Since sign language is visual-gestural, they need to see our facial expressions.
- Avoid covering your face with objects so people can read your lips if needed.
- If an interpreter accompanies someone, always address the person directly, not the interpreter.
- If you know sign language, but it’s limited, let them know you have some knowledge. This way, the person can sign at a slower pace.
- Sign language is not universal and can vary from country to country and even within the same country. Be aware that some signs, alphabet letters, and interpretations of movements may differ.
- If you don’t understand a word, ask the person to repeat it or sign more slowly. If the deaf person doesn’t understand something, repeat it, use a synonym, or write it down. Never pretend to understand, as it can affect communication.
- If there’s any confusion on either side, feel free to switch to writing things down. This can be super helpful for important details, and you can even use drawings to clear things up if needed.
- Speak normally; avoid speaking too quickly, shouting, or exaggerating your facial expressions. If you shout, the other person won’t hear you, your facial expression will change, and they may misinterpret your message because your facial expression will differ from what you intended. Generally, shouting makes our facial expressions appear more hostile.
- Modulate slowly, but don’t exaggerate; do it naturally. Not all deaf people can lip-read, but it can be very helpful, especially when combined with gestures.
- Avoid using technical terms or idioms; use simple language.
- When communicating with a deaf person or hard of hearing online, consider using text messages, chat, or video calls.
- If you're holding an online meeting, send the agenda and necessary documents in advance. This way, the person can prepare ahead of time (a good practice for any type of meeting).
- If the team agrees, record the meeting and send the link. This will help the person revisit it as needed. Chat is a great ally, and if you can integrate subtitles, even better.
- If a deaf person is speaking, avoid interrupting the conversation. This should apply universally, not just to deaf individuals.
If you want to learn sign language, practice fingerspelling (alphabet) for each area. Deaf people use fingerspelling for terms without specific signs, such as street or personal names. Even at a basic level, it could help you communicate with someone at some point. Here are some examples:
- LSCH: Chilean Sign Language
- LSA: Argentine Sign Language
- LSV: Venezuelan Sign Language
- LSP: Peruvian Sign Language
- LSB: Bolivian Sign Language
- LSC: Colombian Sign Language
- LSM: Mexican Sign Language
- LSE: Spanish Sign Language
- ASL: American Sign Language
- BSL: British Sign Language
- Auslan: Australian Sign Language
If you have more information to share, feel free to drop it in the comments.
